Mechanism of high speed cutting and experiment (below)

The main distinction that cutting of 1 pair of high speed machines the cutting of requirement high speed of the machine tool to machine machine tool and general accuracy machine tool depends on high speed machine tool must can offer high cutting rate and treatment of cutting of contented high speed fall a series of functional requirement, when to basically include as follows. (1) the design of the main shaft unit that should one suits high speed to run and unit of main shaft of high speed of its drive system, it is one of the most crucial technology domains that realize high speed treatment, also be the part with most crucial machine tool of high speed treatment at the same time. It wants not only can rotate below very high rotate speed, and should tall coaxial is spent, deliver high pitching moment and transmission power, good medicinal powder heat and cooling device, should pass strict dynamic balancing correctional, the design of main shaft component should assure to have good trends and hot condition character, have extremely tall horn to add, decrease speed to make sure inside extremely short time implementation rises fall fast stop definitely with what pointing to emplacement. The different point of high speed machine tool and general accuracy machine tool, report basically behaves the change in parameter of following a few technologies on unit of high speed main shaft: The 5~10 that main shaft rotate speed is rotate speed of main shaft of general accuracy machine tool commonly times, the top rotate speed of the machine tool is more than 10000 R/min commonly, some is as high as 60000~100000 R/min; Power of electric machinery of main shaft unit is as high as 20~80 KW commonly, in order to satisfy high speed, efficient the requirement with heavy load cutting; Main shaft is unit from start the top rotate speed that reachs make choice of (or arrive from top rotate speed stop) the time of need is shorter, need 1~2 S to be able to be finished only commonly. That is to say, of main shaft add, decrease speed to be gotten higher than general accuracy machine tool much, compare tower above of machine tool of groovy numerical control commonly an amount class, achieve 1~8 G thereby (G=9.

81m/s2) . Of machine tool of high speed treatment advocate motion is finished commonly by electric main shaft. (2) the part of feed system unit that should have a quick reaction and machine tool of high speed of system of drive of numerical control servo are when treatment of high speed cutting, as main shaft rotate speed rise, speed of machine tool feed is added with its, decrease speed to also must rise substantially, with assuring cutting tool every age or workpiece every turn feed is basic and changeless. With opportunity bed idle stroke athletic rate also must rise greatly. Contemporary high speed machines the athletic speed of actuator of system of machine tool feed to ask to achieve 40~120 M/min, feed acceleration and decelerate spend similar requirement to achieve 1~8 G, i.e. 9.

81~78.

48 M/s2. For this, the design of system of drive of machine tool feed must break through machine tool of traditional and ordinary numerical control medium " rotate servo electric machinery + common ball guide screw " feed transmission way. The main step that takes on configuration has: It is the weight that reduces feed shift part substantially, for this, the most efficient way comes true on the structure namely " 0 drive " , introduce drive of linear electric machinery directly namely; 2 it is to use guide screw of roller of bull whorl planet to replace ball of type of groovy steel ball guide screw and use very close to each other slideway of unoccupied place linear scroll, the high speed that implements feed part moves and decide definitely quickly; 3 it is the system of control of servo drive CNC that uses quick response. (3) should efficient, fast cooling system machines a condition to fall in high speed cutting, area of the cutting inside unit time can produce much quantity of heat, if cannot make these quantity of heat are passed quickly from cutting area, not only the on the rails that cloggy cutting works, and the heat that can create machine tool, cutting tool and tool system is out of shape, affect those who machine precision and machine tool badly to move tigidity. Regard high speed cutting as the technology of form a complete set of treatment, in recent years Mitsui essence machine of Japan is mixed J.

E.

The company developed device of eject of HJH series high pressure jointly, the high-pressured cooling fluid that controls pressure for 60L/min for 7MPa, discharge shoots the cutting position to the machine tool, undertake cooling, eliminate the quantity of heat that cutting produces. Additionally some machining center use a large number of cooling fluid to be drenched by machine tool coping with chute means to machine tool workbench, sweep many eager bits instantly, maintain the cleanness of workbench from beginning to end, form the microenvironment of a constant temperature, assure tall treatment precision. High speed " electric main shaft " when unit structure is designed, the design of cooling system also is a when cannot ignore important facet. Appear in process of high speed movement to prevent main shaft component overheat phenomenon, the bearing that prop up must consider to use effective compulsive cooling method. That is to say, machine a machine tool to high speed cutting, when machine tool structure is designed, must consider to design necessary refrigeration and medicinal powder shrinkage fitting buy. (4) the cutting of high speed of bed system structure that should have tall tigidity machines a machine tool to be below position of high speed cutting, on one hand, the cutting master piece of generation is used on bed body; On the other hand, because rate is very high, still can produce bigger add force effect to be on bed body. Power of experience of machine tool bed is consequently greater. Must ask its have enough strength, stiffness and tall damp character when the design. Tall tigidity and block nit sex are quality of treatment of card of middleman and guarantor of high speed treatment and the need that improve cutting tool life. (5) in wanting to safe device and real time supervisory system machine a process in high speed cutting, be like cutting tool to rupture or damaged, its initial velocity will as bullet general, cause danger and person harm easily. For this, enough and solid board must be used when the machine tool works close cutting area rise, consider to facilitate even at the same time state of affairs of region of artificial observation cutting. Besides, workpiece and cutting tool must assure clamp firm, must use active and online supervisory system, wear away to cutting tool, moving state of damaged and main shaft undertake online identifying with monitoring, ensure person and facilities are safe. (6) should the convenient and reliable device that change a knife is designed through the new-style structure that change a knife, assure to the knife is changed below treatment of high speed cutting convenient, reliable, fast, the time that change a knife is short. Also machine tool of treatment of high speed cutting asks this what to need. (7) should good hot condition character and cutting of static, dynamic characteristic high speed machine a circumstance to fall, the its produce because of attrition between mobile component quantity of heat inside unit time is more, heat is out of shape bigger. Design of machine tool structure must make sure its interiorly heat source and action of exterior heat source fall, cannot produce bigger heat to be out of shape. For this, high speed cutting should take special cooling step commonly on treatment machine tool, will cool gasoline tank of main shaft electric machinery, the main shaft bearing that prop up, linear electric machinery, hydraulic pressure, electric ark, the large component part such as box of some cooling even main shaft, beam, lathe bed. The dynamic force that leaves because of treatment of high speed cutting at the same time (force of force, cutting, damp force) with static force (clamping force) bigger, the machine tool is propped up each component and its are overall must have move enoughly, static stiffness, do not send the power with greater generation to be out of shape, assure the machines precision and treatment security of the spare parts, dependability. Anyhow, should consider the characteristic that high speed cutting machines, the machine tool that must machine to carrying out high speed cutting raises new requirement. Only such ability realize the balance cutting of high speed, efficient, high accuracy. 6.

The manufacturer such as the Japan of domestic and international current situation of machine tool of treatment of cutting of 2 high speed, United States, Germany, Italy is the person basically be offerred of machine tool of the high speed on current world. The main firm of high speed machining center and equipment of NC machine tool is provided on international at present, the level that main specifications parameter can reach representative product is like its part the watch is shown 3 times. The main function index that lists a machine tool relatively general accuracy machine tool rises greatly, its arrive at rated working acceleration to be commonly between 6 ～ 25 M/s2, achieve G namely (G attachs most importance to force acceleration) the acceleration of quantitative class, have tall dynamic character. The DMC 85 V Linear that company of German DECKEL MAHO produces, use advanced machine tool structure and freeboard fast linear electric machinery, those who make its have the acceleration of 2g (20m/s2) and 120m/min is fast move speed, the feed force of each axis also is as high as 8000N. Express 3 abroad machining center of a few kinds of main high speed is current, machine tool of treatment of homebred high speed also is developing quickly, in in recent years can see on exhibition of machine tool of CIMT China International (watch 4) . Divide a watch 4 in what list beyond, inc. of Shenyang machine tool is returned and German BW company is joint-stock produced BW60HS horizontal machining center, main shaft is highest rotate speed 16000r/min, move quickly speed amounts to 60m/min, acceleration of axis of X, Y 1g, z axis acceleration 1.

3g, fixed position precision 10 μ M, repeat precision 5 μ M, the MC60 small-sized machining center that 3 smooth groups and foreign collaboration produce Suzhou, 450mm of × of 450mm of journey 600mm × , main shaft rotate speed (1 ～ 10000) R/min, move quickly speed 50m/min, 20 knives library, the time that change a knife 1.

2 ～ 1.

4 S. Express machining center of a few kinds of high speed of 4 home in recent years, college of Shenyang grain industry is below head office of ministry of national science and technology, enginery and the support that Liaoning saves a committee of science and technology, development developed milling machine of high speed of XS6380 numerical control. 30000r/min of main shaft turn up (stepless) , workbench each direction moves quickly amount to 60m/min, advocate electric machinery power is 10kW, workbench dimension is 630 × 800mm, main shaft taper hole introduces series of HSK ― E40. Should say, this machine tool has higher level. Treatment of cutting of 7 high speed is in to the requirement of cutting tool machine tool, cutting tool, clamping apparatus, in the cutting treatment machining complex that workpiece comprises, cutting tool is very important, very active ingredient. After deciding when the machine tool, cutting machines life of productivity, cutting tool, finished cost and treatment quality, depend on greatly the logical choice of cutting tool. In treatment of high speed cutting, raised taller requirement to cutting tool, basically be system of appearance of geometry of structure of cutting tool material, cutting tool, cutting tool, cutting tool and cutting tool the respect such as the balance. 7.

1 because the generation when high speed cutting is hot the capacity is more, temperature of cutting tool cutting part is high, taller to the requirement of high temperature capability of cutting tool material. The cutting tool data that is used at high speed cutting should have flexibility of intensity of very good high temperature hardness, high temperature, high temperature modular quantity and high temperature wearability, return due and enough tenacity and impact resistance. In addition, cutting tool material should have good craft sex, the price cannot too costly. Commonly used in high speed cutting cutting tool material has: (1) diamond has very tall hardness (natural diamond amounts to 10000HV) with very big thermal conductance (natural diamond amounts to 2000W.

M-1.

K-1) , stretch model volume is very high also, can use at the high speed cutting of nonferrous metal and metalloid material. For example, choose and employ persons makes cutting tool of PCD diamond cutting tool and other making synthetic diamond, turning and spare parts of milling silicon aluminium alloy, when cutting deepness Ap=0.

5 ～ 0.

8mm, feed F=0.

1mm/r and Fz=0.

05 ～ 0.

When 1mm/z, can use the cutting rate of 1000 ～ 2000m/min. Cutting tool of making synthetic diamond machines fiber to increase to enhance composite material with grain, the effect is very good also. But, diamond cutting tool cannot issue cutting iron and steel in high speed or the material of element of iron a group of things with common features; In high temperature (700 ℃ ) next easy generation graphitization. (2) cubic nitrogen changes boracic cubic nitrogen to change boracic PCBN to also have very tall hardness (7500HV) with very good thermal conductance (1300W.

M-1.

K-1) stretch model volume is high also. Thermal stability is good, 1300 ℃ are amounted to to also be not decomposed in atmosphere, right element of iron a group of things with common features shows laziness. Can use at the high speed cutting with hard steel of temper by dipping in water and tall cast-iron hardness. Hard steel of temper by dipping in water of the cutting when using lesser cutting deepness and feed and alloy wear-resisting are cold hard cast-iron, can use 80 ～ the cutting speed of 100m/min. (3) alumina base change silicon radical with nitrogen these two kinds of compound pottery and porcelain use compound pottery and porcelain the cutting speed of prep above 50m/min, hard steel of cutting temper by dipping in water and tall strong cast-iron result are very good also. With their cutting not the common rolled steel with hard temper by dipping in water and cast-iron, cutting tool life hard alloy of constant prep above. But nitrogen changes silicon radical cutting tool of compound pottery and porcelain cannot machine a long bits not material of hard steel of temper by dipping in water. (4) material of coating of exterior coating hard alloy is a lot of more phyletic, tiC, TiN, TiCN, Al2O3, TiAlN waits, multi-purpose CVD coating craft, of craft of coating of useful also PVD. Can use monolayer besmear Fu; Multilayer besmear Fu effect is much better. With not the photograph of hard alloy cutting tool of coating is compared, cutting tool of coating hard alloy is OK twice land improves cutting tool life; Maintain life of particular cutting tool, cutting tool of coating hard alloy can raise cutting rate 20 ～ 30% . (5) TiCN radical hard alloy (cermet) general hard alloy is it is bases with WC, call WC radical hard alloy. With WC radical photograph is compared, tiCN radical density of hard alloy cutting tool is lesser, lesser to the coefficient of friction of steel, felt is fought to wear away when cutting with fight diffuse tatty capability is stronger. Reason cutting rate can rise appropriately. Commonly used the cutting tool material that cuts steel for high speed. The development of material of contemporary cutting tool still disrelishs inadequacy, those who limitted the rate in high speed cutting is farther rise. People expects quality the taller, cutting tool material that can get used to high speed to machine more comes out. 7.

Cutting tool of circumgyrate of cutting of 2 high speed (like milling cutter) work below very high slewing speed, cutter hub and razor blade get the action of very great centrifugal power. Material of reason requirement cutter hub as far as possible light, avoid to use groove of type of be well versed in, reduce bottom land pointed role, reduce clamp hardware, increase clamping force and dependability. Cutting tool of high speed circumgyrate must check through dynamic balancing, the G40 that should achieve ISO1940/1 to set balances quality grade. 7.

The knife handle of cutting tool of cutting of 3 high speed is a crucial part, it delivers the motivation of the machine tool and precision. The one aspect of the matter of knife handle is machine tool main shaft, another end is cutting tool, add man-hour to want to assure to machine precision and operation to go to the lavatory already, want to assure on the safe side again. The repetition that reason outfit places precision is close friends, the tigidity that hold clip wants tall. The knife handle of 24 taper of traditional 7 ∶ , a rigid inadequacy is exposed in high speed cutting, radial of the cutting tool after changing a knife and axial dimension are not stable, port place dilate causes stiffness to drop and affect dynamic balancing. In recent years, the country such as Germany, United States, Japan developed those who differ to agree with the system of knife handle construction of high speed cutting. The set of HSK knife handle that university of uses at most German A go smoothly develops, already included international the level, taper uses 1 ∶ 10. The United States agrees accept metal company developed set of KM knife handle, also be to use 1 ∶ 10 taper. Japan developed set of BIG-PLUS knife handle, the improvement that belongs to 24 taper of 7 ∶ . Company of gram of hill spy dimension developed Sweden series of CAPTO knife handle, it is 1 ∶ of 20 hollow short awl structure. The research of cutting of 8 high speed and application 8.

After the research that cutting of 1 abroad high speed machines and application advance the idea of high speed cutting oneself, through the exploration of half many century and research, just use at production stage by stage. Its developed a process to experience a few the following level. (1) treatment of high speed cutting studies theoretically and explore level (1931 ～ 1971) from 20 centuries theory of 30 time Salomon puts forward hind, 20 what don't have for years significant progress, till 50 time later period, the academic basic research that high speed cutting machines begins to spread out inside alive bound limits. The academic basic research that the country such as the United States, Japan, France, Russia, England and Australia just had cutting of a few high speed. Because return the machine tool that machines without high speed at that time, the cutting that cannot have very high rate machines an experiment, used eject experiment method then. These experiments are had a plenty of slide through eject the cutting tool that drive undertakes through workpiece cutting is machined quickly, have a plenty of eject workpiece to make it undertakes cutting through blade of dormant cutting tool cutting. American Losk Heed (Lockheed) aircraft company R.

L.

Temperature of the cutting force that Vanghn studies to the group undertook at 1958 ～ high speed cutting is machined 1960, cutting, cutting tool wears away, cutting vibration and cut bits to form the experimental research such as mechanism. The workpiece material of cutting experiment has AISI4340 (40CrNiMoA) alloy of alloy of titanium of steel, Ti-6Al-4A, nickel radical high temperature and aluminium alloy. Cutting tool material includes high-speed steel, hard alloy and Shi Telai alloy (Stellite) , cutting speed 4570 ～ 73000m/min, cutting deepness 0.

127 ～ 1.

10mm. These consider to make clear: When high speed cutting is machined, differ below the appearance that cut bits and common cutting condition, rise as cutting speed, form gradually cut bits discontinuously, rupture as a result of brittleness and cutting bits is formed. When low speed cutting, cutting force rises along with cutting speed and increase, but arrive greatly when cutting speed after certain level, cutting force can drop. Study the result still makes clear in great quantities, treatment of high speed cutting is OK can bear through using the cutting tool data of temperature of above of workpiece material melting point will come true. Raise cutting speed to be able to improve treatment surface quality. Aluminium alloy of treatment of high speed cutting is feasible, cutting tool wears away small; But high speed cutting processes AISI4340 steel, cutting tool wears away serious. The serious cutting tool in wanting to solve process of high speed cutting only wears away and the machine tool is oscillatory, can improve manufacturing efficiency greatly, reduce manufacturing cost significantly. 1947 ～ 1960 Russia V.

D.

Kuznetsov undertook high speed cutting machines aluminium and Dulaming (Duralumin, a kind of material) cutting force, cut bits to be out of shape, the hardness that cut bits and the experimental research that machine sclerotic layer deepness. Cutting speed 6000 ～ 42000m/min. Study the result makes clear, using cutting of 6000m/min cutting rate to machine aluminium and Dulaming is actual and feasible. Japanese tanaka justice letter (Yoshinobu Tanaka) the experimental research that waited for a person to undertake comparative a system to treatment of high speed cutting, basically include to cut bits to form surface of force of mechanism, cutting, treatment to pledge temperature of manage, cutting and cutting tool wear away etc, workpiece material is aluminous, brass, mild steel, cutting tool material is high-speed steel, pottery and porcelain and hard alloy, cutting speed 1000 ～ 45000m/min. Study the result makes clear, the appearance cutting bits that treatment of high speed cutting forms, cutting tool wears away and machine exterior quality to have marked characteristic, rise along with cutting speed, cut horn to increase, knife ― bits contacts length to decrease, cutting force is reduced, improve cutting to machine function and surface to manage character, but cutting tool wears away quickly. In cutting speed aluminium of the treatment inside limits of 1000 ～ 10000m/min, brass is mixed in Salomon theory appearing when mild steel " dead band " . 1964, research center of French machine tool, French machinery research center and Forest-Line company are mixed to steel cast-iron undertook high speed cutting machines an experiment. The experiment proves, treatment of cast-iron high speed cutting is feasible, but steel treatment of high speed cutting is more difficult, advocate if did not agree with at that time,high speed cutting processes steel cutting tool material. (2) basic research of application of treatment of high speed cutting explores level (1972 ～ 1978) missile of American Losk Heed and dimensional company R.

L.

Alloy of aluminous to aluminium alloy and nickel bronze had King research group high speed cutting machines research. Cutting of main exploration high speed machines the feasibility that is used at actual production. Milling experiment considers to make clear, treatment of high speed cutting can reduce handling time substantially, and reduce as a result of cutting force, can raise the precision that machines a spare parts. Accordingly, treatment of cutting of high speed of the application in producing an environment is economy is feasible. This research gained active headway in experiment and manufacturing domain. This company machines experimental research for high speed cutting, change one's costume or dress successful machining center of milling of a numerical control and turret lathe of vertical of a numerical control. Rotate speed of former main shaft can be adjusted continuously for 18000r/min, 30000r/min and 100000r/min, workbench feed speed is 4.

93m/min; latter is add have 14.

7kW (20HP) , the milling head that rotate speed is 6000r/min, highest cutting speed can amount to 3660m/min. During this, the United States still develops a milling machine of numerical control high speed that brings wheelhead accessory for this company, power is 18.

4kW (25HP) , rotate speed of its main shaft can be between 1800 ～ 18000r/min stepless speed regulation, feed speed is amounted to 7.

6m/min. The bearing of nicety of main shaft of spray system refrigeration that uses new design. In this one phase, the learned man that still has the state such as the United States, Germany, Australia and India continues to consider to use cutting of cutting tool of high-speed steel, hard alloy to process aluminium alloy and carbolic steel cut bits to form force of mechanism, cutting and cutting temperature to wait. The United States was as high as the milling machine of 1800m/min to undertake high speed cutting machines experimental research with cutting speed 1977, the result that confirmed cutting of eject high speed machines an experiment and theory analyse conclusion. The quantity of heat of the generation when the experiment between this first phase considers to still discover high speed cutting is machined is cut for the most part bits place is taken away. 1978 group of cutting of metal of Cincinati of the United States on CIRP annual meeting publishs " the possibility of high speed cutting and need " thematic report, this article announced 1971 ～ to treatment of cutting of car of the high speed between 1978, mill studies and produce data, come from bibliographical reference partly among them, one part comes from investigate at the questionnaire to CIRP member, include plant business and research unit laboratory. Findings report makes clear: 305 ～ 915m/min cutting machines speed of cutting of the application on production cast-iron with steel; Aluminium alloy of treatment of cutting of 610 ～ 3660m/min is feasible, but should strengthen research to develop cutting tool material and have assemble and unassemble quickly workpiece and change the high speed of cutting tool machines a machine tool. (3) high speed cutting machines application to study level (1979 ～ 1989) American national defence is advanced 1979 research project bureau (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA) the contemporary processing technique that begins a by a definite date 4 years considers to plan. This plan machines cutting of fundamental theory, high speed to machine cutting of cutting tool technology, high speed to machine craft, laser to assist the treatment and economic feasibility research that had comprehensive system to high speed cutting. Basically study high speed turning and milling. Workpiece material includes steel, cast-iron reach aluminous, copper, lead and its alloy and nickel base alloy. Cutting tool material has cutting tool of steel of carbolic element tool, high-speed steel, hard alloy, pottery and porcelain and cubic nitrogen to change boron to wait. Cutting speed is changing his costume or dress amount to on the machine tool 73000m/min is amounted to on 7600m/min and launch unit. This research united the problem of main in studying before this argument. This research points out clearly as a result: Rise along with cutting speed, cutting force is reduced, cutting temperature is elevatory did not appear to workpiece material melting point drop a case, improvement machines exterior surface roughness but the vibration in wanting to notice to machine; Outside eliminating treatment aluminium alloy, high speed cutting machines steel, iron and its alloy, nickel radical alloy to wait, cutting tool all produces severe heavy damage, life is reduced; Merchant cuts horny equation to be able to use those who form at bits is being cut in treatment of cutting of estimation high speed to cut corner. Consider to still point out, treatment of high speed cutting is economy is feasible, etc. 1979 ～ studied in German government 1983 technical ministry (Ministry Of Research And Technology) aid financially below, produce project and machine tool institute by Darmstadt industry university (PTW) Shuerci (Schulz H.

) the research group that teachs a leadership began research of a collaboration, basically study high speed milling machines the characteristic of the process. The system of main shaft of high speed report that development supported by bearing of magnetism in suspension 1981, undertook experiment of aluminium alloy of high speed milling studies, and at 1984 ～ comprehensive and thorough system studied between 1988 iron of high speed milling a group of things with common features mix with cutting tool of cutting of the fundamental theory that is not material of iron a group of things with common features, high speed the actual application of craft of treatment of cutting of machine tool technology, high speed and efficiency and processing technique of high speed cutting, score a lot of gain that have fundamental value. The development that this one phase machines the fruitful research of theory and technology to be this technology to high speed cutting and application laid important foundation. (4) development of processing technique of high speed cutting and applied phase (came 1990 at the beginning of 21 centuries) the theory that processing technique of high speed cutting passes half many century and applied research and exploration, people realises its market competition in manufacturing industry is increasingly fierce clearly medium tremendous potential. Enter 20 centuries after 90 time, each industry developed country is thrown in the research of processing technique of high speed cutting, development and application to come in succession, especially the research of machine tool of high speed cutting and cutting tool technology, development, to it relevant technology also gets developing quickly. What the occurrence of linear 1993 electric machinery pulled open high speed feed is prelusive. Machining center of cutting of high speed of new-style report main shaft throws an international market ceaselessly. The occurrence of the material of cutting tool of high speed cutting, structure and reliable cutting tool and knife handle of main shaft connective and use, the mark is worn processing technique of high speed cutting already entered industrial application phase from academic research. The development of processing technique of high speed cutting promoted machine tool high speed to change, promoted the development of technology of contemporary CNC Machining greatly. Chicago international made technical exhibition 1996 (IMTS ' 96) in the mainest technology topic is machine tool high speed change. The metal of the first world that held by federation of institute of American cutting cutting tool and European cutting cutting tool in April 1998 machines cutting tool to make the conference go up, the person that attend the meeting made the special subject report of high speed cutting. Technical exhibition is made in international of 1998 year Chicago (IMTS ' 98) on, new clip of the cutting tool in increasing high speed cutting, cutting tool manages systematic branch. The national science foundation can design the United States to learn Maecenas conference to go up with production course 1999, processing technique of high speed cutting is included important meeting topic for discussion. The tide that machine tool high speed turns appears outstanding increasingly. 2001 exhibition of Beijing international machine tool (CIMT ' 2001) on the machine tool is highest main shaft rotate speed from previous term or session (1999) 8000 ～ 12000r/min raises 15000 ～ 20000r/min generally. Rotate speed of machining center main shaft is 15000 ～ 30000r/min commonly now, fast feed speed is 30 ～ 60m/min, the time that change a knife is 3 ～ 5s. Top rotate speed already also raised the main shaft of gear machine tool 9000 ～ 12000r/min. Already had main shaft at present 150000r/min of highest turn up, the time that change a knife is (0.

7 ～ 1.

5) the machining center of S. Come more than 10 years recently, high speed cutting machines academic basic research further development, gain new headway, basically be dentate cut bits form mechanism, when high speed cutting machines titanium alloy cut bits to form mechanism, of character of trends of machine tool structure and cutting flutter avoid, face of the knife before the cutting tool when a variety of cutting tool material process different workpiece data, hind the allocation that bits, cutting tool and workpiece heat in metal cutting cut to measure when knife face and the temperature that machine the surface and high speed cutting, confirm major heat in metal cutting is cut further bits is taken away. The experiment of cutting temperature considers to make clear: When cutting of existing high speed of cutting tool material is machined, it is successive no matter or interrupted cutting all did not appear in Salomon theory " dead band " . In this one phase, treatment of high speed hard cutting receives further research, development and application. With grinding treatment is compared, it has a lot of advantage, in replace grinding to machine a respect to have very large latent capacity. High speed does cutting treatment to be taken seriously increasingly, it protects an environment to protecting, decrease use up, reduce cost to have major effect. Consider to make clear, high speed does cutting to machine cast-iron, steel, aluminium alloy, super even alloy and titanium are likely, but want a foundation workpiece material is characteristic, condition of reasonable design cutting. Be in now industrial developed country, processing technique of high speed cutting already made the main trend that cutting machines, apply in engine of mould, aviation, spaceflight, high speed and auto industry widely increasingly. Have about (30 ～ 50) the pattern company of % , with processing technique of high speed cutting, treatment discharge is machined (EDM) strong pattern of electrode, temper by dipping in water antrum, treatment efficiency is tall, quality is good, reduced follow-up manual burnish and polishing process. In aviation and industry of high speed engine, the railroad car framework of engine of the framework of the plane and wing, high speed all is component of Bao Bi of aluminium alloy whole, need to excise many metal, the excision quantity that begins from semifinished product is achieved even 90% , use processing technique of high speed cutting, handling time shortens a few original. The engine aluminium alloy of auto industry and cast-iron cylinder body, use processing technique of high speed cutting extensively, improve efficiency greatly, reduce cost. Level of processing technique of cutting of the high speed in producing at present roughly the circumstance is: The cutting speed of aluminium alloy of thick finish machining is 1000 ～ 4000m/min, highest amount to 5000 ～ 7500m/min, basically get main shaft of machine tool of be confined to top rotate speed and power. Cast-iron but high speed essence and semifinishing machining, speed is 500 ～ 1500m/min, casting pig of mill of essence of life is highest can amount to 2000m/min; Cut steel to be able to use 300 ～ the finish machining of speed high speed of 800m/min; Hard steel of temper by dipping in water (HRC 45-65) high speed finish machining, cutting speed is 100 ～ 500m/min; The highest cutting speed of iron and steel and its alloy basically accepts restriction of cutting tool life. Speed of aluminium alloy bore is 200 ～ 300m/min; Modulus 1.

The speed of gear hobbing treatment of the steel gear of 5 can amount to 300 ～ 600m/min; Malleable iron whorl (M14 × 1.

The tap speed of 5) is 60m/min. 8.

The research that cutting of 2 home high speed machines and research of processing technique of cutting of high speed of applied our country start later, 20 centuries 80 time, shandong university (university of former Shandong industry) the research of material of cutting tool of pottery and porcelain of union of group of cutting treatment research, studied Al2O3 systematically quite base hard cutting of high speed of pottery and porcelain (Che Heduan mill) temperature of cutting force, cutting, cutting tool wears away and quality of surface of damaged, treatment and appearance of cutting tool geometry, workpiece material includes steel of hard gear of oil of steel of 45 steel, T10A steel, high-speed steel, bearing, mould steel, cementite to wait, hardness HRC (50~65) , cutting speed is 100~500m/min, built model of temperature of concerned cutting force, cutting, cutting tool to wear away to change with quality of surface of damaged theory, treatment the rule. Aborning promotion applied this research positive result 1986 up to now. 20 centuries after 90 time, studied processing technique of cutting of mould high speed and cutting tool of politic, coating cutting tool, PCBN and cutting of high speed of cutting tool of pottery and porcelain are cast-iron in succession early or late wear away with the cutting force of steel, cutting tool surface roughness of surface of life, treatment. Shenyang industry institute and Chongqing university studied mechanism of high speed cutting; Tianjin university and college of Dalian grain industry studied high speed is hard cutting mechanism; Shanghai traffic university and studied craft of milling of titanium alloy high speed, Bao Bi about the factory the temperature trends of surface of milling of high speed of control of precision of high speed milling, aluminium alloy changes the rule; Guangdong industry university studied high speed main shaft ties all and fast feed system; Beijing University learned to research technology of high speed grinding east; Chengdu tool institute studied the development of cutting tool of high speed cutting and industrialization, college of Shenyang grain industry (it is Shenyang industry institute formerly) development succeeded milling machine of high speed vertical and high speed sawing machine, did a lot of tests on its. Although the research of processing technique of cutting of our country high speed is returned,remain at full-scale development, but the tough effort that passes our country Scientists and Technologists, high speed cutting is machined and the fundamental theory of machine tool of high speed cutting considered to gain encouraging success, had major effect to promoting the development of processing technique of cutting of our country high speed. "95 " during index of technology of machine tool of numerical control of our country high speed, efficient, high accuracy had substantially rise, rotate speed of machining center main shaft raises 8000r/min generally, highest can amount to 12000r/min, numerical control lathe raises 4000~6000min, fast feed rate rises 30m/min, highest amount to 40m/min, machining center changes knife time to decrease 1.

5~3s. At present main difference depends on the research development of component of function of machine tool key lagging behind at market demand, the high-power tigidity main shaft that is like above of rotate speed 20000r/min, without brush annular torque electric machinery, great distance linear electric machinery, fast answer the technology such as numerical control system to have not master. The high speed machining center that place of each industry department wants still basically counts an import, already introduced from abroad quite high speed machining center of the amount. Material of cutting tool of cutting of our country high speed also had very great progress, but the cutting tool of high speed cutting that has not fashioned him characteristic makes a system. Processing technique of cutting of our country high speed applies the earliest at car industry, 20 centuries 80 time later period, the product line of automation of car numerical control that introduced many to have advanced level from the country such as Germany, United States, France, Japan in succession, if have the nimble of one steam masses of level of 90 time metaphase from what Germany introduces,amount to car and Shanghai masses Sang Dana car is automatic product line, used processing technique of high speed cutting in great quantities among them. Product line place uses cutting tool material to be given priority to in order to exceed strong cutting tool, rely on an entrance. Use get together nitrogen of brilliant cubic metre changes boron (PCBN) , Si3N4 base high strenth of treatment of cutting tool of coating of pottery and porcelain, cermet, TiCN is cast-iron, milling rate amounts to 2200m/min; Use get together brilliant diamond (PCD) , exceed cutting tool of fine hard alloy to machine cast of silicon aluminium alloy, milling rate amounts to 2200m/min, auger, bore with a reamer cuts speed to amount to 80~240m/min; Use Si3N4 base steel of structure of forge of essence of treatment of cutting tool of coating of pottery and porcelain, cermet, TiCN, turning speed amounts to 200m/min; Use high-speed steel of Co pulverous metallurgy (exterior TiCN coating) knife of tine of solid broach, hob, shave and hard alloy machine place special broach to process forged steel of all sorts of essence of life, cast-iron, broaching speed amounts to 10~25m/min, gear hobbing speed amounts to 110m/min, shave ages speed amounts to 170m/min, raised manufacturing efficiency and treatment precision greatly. In recent years, our country spaceflight, aviation, turbine, mould make be out of job introduced a large number of machining center and milling machine of numerical control boring, different level land begins processing technique of cutting of promotion application high speed, among them mould industry application is more. Factory of mould of Hai Mou of exemple as above, mould of aluminium alloy of high accuracy of high speed milling antrum, half essence mill uses 18000r/min of main shaft rotate speed, cutting deepness 2mm, feed speed 5m/min; Mill of essence of life uses 20000r/min, cutting deepness 0.

2mm, feed speed 8m/min, treatment cycle is 6h, quality satisfies client requirement completely. Former workmanship includes manual shovel to blow with manual polish, make periodic 60h, still cannot satisfy client requirement. This factory is in the treatment of tire mould, need machines a kind model core, workpiece material is can machine plastic, the appearance is similar to tire of a car, engrave above full all sorts of tire decorative pattern. When traditional method is machined, need to experience ten working procedure, finish with handiwork entirely, average tire figure is machined, need the left and right sides 14 days, pair of mixed tire decorative pattern, need to machine 20 day above, quality still cannot achieve design requirement. Use treatment of high speed milling now, main shaft rotate speed is 18000r/min, cutting deepness 2mm, feed speed 10m/min, handling time 24h, model core quality satisfies treatment requirement. Although be in our country, the research of processing technique of high speed cutting and application still are in initial phase, be in development and promotion, but as a kind of when face 21 centuries advanced production technology, having very powerful vitality and wide applied perspective. CNC Milling